4/1/15

5 HAIWAN DI MALAYSIA YANG HAMPIR PUPUS

5 Haiwan Di Malaysia Yang Hampir Pupus


Bilangan haiwan-haiwan ini dikatakan semakin berkurang dengan sangat drastik sehingga ada juga dakwaan mengatakan  bahawa sebahagian darinya sudah mengalami kepupusan. Berikut adalah 5 haiwan yang dikatakan tadi. 


Black Shrew
Black shrew haiwan Malaysia yang hampir pupus
Black Shrew (Tikus Hitam?) sangat jarang ditemui, hinggakan saiz sebenarnya tidak diketahui. Walaubagaimanapun, beberapa saksi yang pernah menemuinya mengatakan haiwan ini adalah dalam lingkungan 20 - 100mm. Satu spesimen ini pernah ditemui di Gunung Kinabalu, Sabah. Sehingga kini, tiada data statistik diperolehi bagi haiwan ini dan dikhuatiri telah pupus.
Bilangan terkini di Malaysia : Mungkin sudah pupus!


Badak Sumatra
 Badak Sumatra haiwan Malaysia yang hampir pupus
Badak Sumatra merupakan spesies badak yang paling kecil dengan berat dalam lingkungan 500 - 800 kg. Selalu ditemui di kawasan berpaya dan hutan hujan, badak ini menjadi rebutan pemburu yang inginkan tanduknya.
Bilangan terkini di Malaysia: 300


Tapir Malayan
Tapir Malayan haiwan Malaysia yang hampir pupus
Tapir Malayan ini merupakan spesies tapir / cipan / tenuk / badak tampung yang paling besar berbanding 3 lagi spesies yang ada di dunia. Uniknya tapir ini kerana warna nya dengan tompokan putih dan hitam memudahkan nya untuk melakukan proses penyamaran. Oleh kerana kulitnya yang tebal dan kebolehan berlari dengan pantas, maka tapir ini jarang ditangkap oleh pemangsa lain, kecuali manusia!
Bilangan terkini di Malaysia: 369


Kancil
Kancil haiwan Malaysia yang hampir pupus
Kancil merupakan haiwan bijak yang selalu muncul dalam kisah-kisah penglipurlara rakyat Malaysia. Dengan saiz nya yang sangat kecil, haiwan ini hanya memakan buah dan juga daun-daun. Boleh ditemui di Malaysia, Borneo dan Indonesia.
Bilangan terkini di Malaysia : Tiada data, tetapi diklasifikasikan sebagai spesies dilindungi


Orang Utan
Orang Utan haiwan Malaysia yang hampir pupus
Secara asasnya terdapat 2 jenis orang utan, iaitu spesies Sumatra dan juga spesies Borneo. Orang utan merupakan haiwan yang bijak dan dikatakan hidupan kedua yang paling bijak di dunia selepas manusia. Namun jumlah nya kini semakin menurun yang dikaitkan dengan aktiviti pembalakan dan penebangan hutan.
Bilangan terkini di dunia : Sumatra (7000) dan Borneo (45000 - 69000)

3/30/15

MOMOTARO THE PEACH BOY STORY

Once upon a time there lived an old man an old woman in the country of Okayama. The old man went everyday into the mountains to cut wood, while his wife would go to the river to wash clothes. One day, while the old woman was down at the river washing clothes, a big peach came floating down the river! It looked so delicious, she decided to take it home for her and her husband to eat. When the old man came back to their home, the old woman cut the peach open, and to their surprise, there was a small boy inside! They decided to call him Momotaro, which means 'peach boy'.
The old couple raised Momotaro to be big and strong. One day, he decided to go and defeat the ogres living on Ogre Island that were pillaging the land. The old woman fixed him some delicious millet dumplings, known as kibi-dango, for his long journey to the island. On the way, a monkey, a dog, and a pheasant joined him, giving them a dumpling each in return for their help in fighting the ogres.
Upon reaching the Ogre Island, Momotaro and his companions found that the gate was locked to the Ogre's fort. The pheasant flew inside, and grabbed a key to let the others in. Once inside, they fought the evil ogres. The pheasant pecked their eyes, the dog bit their legs and the monkey jumped on their backs, clawing at the beasts. Finally, the ogres cried for mercy! They gave the strong Momotaro all of their treasure, and he returned to his village triumphantly. Momotaro and the old couple lived happily ever after.

ABOUT DINOSAURS

A Brief History of Dinosaurs

Image result for dinosaurs
Greek deinos, meaning "terrible" or "fearfully great," and sauros, meaning "lizard" or reptile." Scientists classify dinosaurs into two orders — Saurischians and Ornithischians — based on the structure of the bones in their hips.
Most of the well-known dinosaurs — including Tyrannosaurus rex,Deinonychus and Velociraptor — fall into the order known as Saurischian dinosaurs (pronounced sor-ISK-ee-en). These "reptile-hipped" dinosaurs have a pelvis that points forward, similar to more primitive animals. They are often long-necked, have large and sharp teeth, long second fingers, and a first finger that points strongly away from the rest of the fingers.
Saurischians are divided into two groups – four legged herbivores called sauropods and two-legged carnivores called theropods (living birds are theropods).

Theropods walked on two legs and were carnivorous. "Theropod" means "beast-footed" and they are some of the fearsome and most recognizable dinosaurs — including Allosaurus and T. rex.
Scientists have wondered whether large theropods — such asGiganotosaurus and Spinosaurus — actively hunted their prey, or simply scavenged carcasses. The evidence points to the animals working together as opportunistic hunters: they would bring down prey, but also eat animals that were lying around. When fossil-hunters found bones with bite marks on them, they wondered if theropods engaged in cannibalism. It appears now that the animals may have scavenged their own kind, but they didn’t hunt down their own.
Sauropods were herbivores with long heads, long necks and long tails. They were among the largest land animals ever, but they likely had small brains. The gentle giants like leaf-eating Apatosaurus,Brachiosaurus and Diplodocus are part of this family.
Ornithischia
Ornithischian (pronounced or-neh-THISK-ee-en) dinosaurs, a group that includes horned and frilled Triceratops, spiked Stegosaurus and armored Ankylosaurus, are more mild-mannered, plant eaters.
These dinosaurs were beaked herbivores. Smaller than the sauropods, the ornithischia (meaning “bird-hipped”) often lived in herds and were prey to the larger species of dinosaurs. Interestingly, the ornithischia shifted from a two-legged to a four-legged posture at least three times in their evolutionary history and scientists think they could adopt both postures early in their evolutionary history.
Marine reptiles
During the age of the dinosaurs, a lot was happening below the surface of the world’s oceans.  The "fish flippers," or ichthyopterygia, includesIchthyosaurus — the streamlined, tuna- and dolphin-shaped ocean-going predators. This abundant family of marine reptiles largely went extinct at the end of the Jurassic Period.

MEGALODON

MEGALODON
(meaning "Giant Tooth")
Go to a Megalodon Printout



Megalodon was an ancient shark that may have been 40 feet (12 m) long or even more. (There are a few scientists who estimate that it could have been up to 50 or 100 feet (15.5 or 31 m) long!) This is at least two or three times as long as the Great White Shark, but this is only an estimate made from many fossilized teeth and a few fossilized vertebrae that have been found. These giant teeth are the size of a person's hand! No other parts of this ancient shark have been found, so we can only guess what it looked like. Since Megalodon's teeth are very similar to the teeth of the Great White Shark (but bigger and thicker), it is thought that Megalodon may have looked like a huge, streamlined version of the Great White Shark.

MEGALODON'S DIET
Megalodon's diet probably consisted mostly of whales. Sharks eat about 2 percent of their body weight each day; this a bit less than a human being eats. Since most sharks are cold-blooded, they don't have to eat as much as we eat (a lot of our food intake is used to keep our bodies warm). 

TEETH AND JAWS
Shark fossils are extremely rare because sharks have no bones, only cartilage, which does not fossilize well. Their teeth, however, are very hard. Their teeth are made of a bone-like material coated with hard enamel and they fossilize very well. Megalodon teeth are similar to those of the Great White Shark, but are much bigger, thicker, and with finer serrrations. Megalodon's jaws could open 6 feet (1.8 m) wide and 7 feet (2.1 m) high. The jaws were loosely attached by ligaments and muscles to the skull, opening extremely wide in order to swallow enormous objects. It could easily swallow a large Great White Shark whole!
Like most sharks, Megalodon's teeth were probably located in rows which rotated into use as they were needed. Most sharks have about 3-5 rows of teeth at any time. The front set does most of the work. The first two rows are used for obtaining prey, the other rows rotate into place as they are needed. As teeth are lost, broken, or worn down, they are replaced by new teeth. Megalodon may have had hundreds of teeth at one time. It did not chew their food like we do, but gulped it down whole in very large chunks. 

WHEN MEGALODON LIVED
Megalodon lived from roughly 25 to 1.6 million years ago, during the Miocene and Pliocene epochs. It is now extinct, but the exact time of its extinction is hotly debated. 

MEGALODON ANATOMY

MEGALODON FOSSILS
Fossilized Megalodon teeth up to 6.5 inches (17 cm) long have been found in Europe, India, Oceania (the general area around Australia including New Zealand, New Caledonia, etc.), North America, and South America. 

MEGALODON CLASSIFICATION
Carcharodon megalodon was named by Agassiz in 1843. There is some debate as to whether megalodon was an ancestor of the Great White Shark or was an evolutionary dead end.

Kingdom Animalia (animals)
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata (vertebrates)
Class Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish)
Subclass Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays)
Order Lamniformes
Family Lamnidae (genus Carcharodon) or Otodontidae (genus Carcharocles)
Genus Carcharodon (meaning "rough tooth") or Carcharocles (There is currently some debate as to whether the megalodon's genus should be Carcharocles or Carcharodon. Megalodon was once thought to be a direct ancestor of the white shark, Carcharodon carcharias, and so was put in the same genus; new evidence indicates that it not ancestral to the great white shark, so Megalodon was assigned to a new genus, Carcharocles)
Species megalodon

THE MANY USES OF COMPUTERS

The Many Uses of Computers 


Computers are helpful because they offer a wide range of functions and services that are not available anywhere else. There are four main uses: word processing, internet/communications, digital video/audio composition, and desktop publishing. Although one can create a typed paper with a typewriter, the computer has more features 
to do it with. Internet and communications, digital video and audio composition, and desktop publishing are all features that are only offered on computers. With these tools human society has progressed exponentially. 

The word processing capabilities of computers are amazing. They can automatically correct your spelling and grammar mistakes. The cutting and pasting features are incredibly simple and very useful for revision. Plus it is easier to read a word-processed document than one written by hand. Having a digital backup is an added benefit. All of these things help writers get the job done. If you want to add pictures to your writing, numerous software titles are available for desktop publishing. With desktop publishing, you can create page layouts for entire books on your home computer. For example, high school yearbook classes now use desktop publishing software for the creation and design 
of their yearbooks. Most of this cannot be done by hand, and if so, then it is painstakingly laborious. 

The Internet is one of the greatest inventions of humanity. It is a massive network of computers, each with the ability to access any of the others. Ungodly amounts of information can be found on the Internet. It is the ultimate form of media, a combination of newspaper, radio, and as the average bandwidth is increasing, television. Using 
the Internet, any two people anywhere can communicate for free, whether it is with text or voice. Video conferencing tools are becoming readily available to the public. New uses are being found for the Internet every day. 

Audio/video editing and composition have been made much easier by computers. Cutting and pasting is no longer comprised of using scissors and tape on large reels of film. It no longer costs thousands of dollars of equipment to make a film or to compose music. Now emerging musicians have the ability to compose their own songs and publish them without having to obtain a record contract. Amateur filmmakers can produce work from their own homes. Graphics engineers can use computers to create three-dimensional models, or even to generate short or full-length films. Anybody who owns a computer can now enter the field of media production. 

Computers have so many uses that cannot be found anywhere else. Word processors are the perfect writing device because you can compose quickly and make changes easily. The Internet provides a fast, free, and unique way to get information or to communicate with others. Computers supply an affordable solution to nonprofessional audio and video composition. These reasons are why computers are so helpful in modern society. With the aid of computers, humankind is entering a new era of enlightenment. 

IDGHAM MA'AL GHUNNAH

Idgham Ma'al Ghunnah : Idgham bererti memasukkan atau menggabungkan.

Idgham Ma’al Ghunnah bermaksud menggabungkan huruf yang sukun ke dalam huruf yang berbaris berserta dengung.

Hukum idgham ini hanya ditemui dalam dua perkataan sahaja.

Huruf-hurufnya: 
ي و ن م

Tanda-tanda bacaan:
Tiada tanda sukun di atas nun sakinah dan tanda tanwin yang tidak selari. 

Cara bacaan:
Digabungkan bacaan nun ke dalam huruf selepasnya dengan didengungkan. Kadar dengung adalah dua harakat.
Contoh: 


Nota:
Idgham Kamil (sempurna) berlaku apabila bertemu dengan huruf ن م ﺮ dan ﻞ kerana tiada kesan suara nun yang sukun ketika menyebutnya dan yang jelas kedengaran adalah suara huruf-huruf idgham itu. Tanda sabdu di atas huruf ن م ﺮ dan ﻞ menunjukkan hukum idgham kamil.

Idgham Naqis (tidak sempurna) pula berlaku bertemu dengan huruf ي dan و kerana masih meninggalkan sedikit kesan huruf nun yang sukun iaitu dengan mengeluarkan sedikit suara dari rongga hidung. Perhatikan tiada tanda sabdu di atas huruf ي dan و.

IDGHAM BILAGHUNNAH

Hukum Idgham Bilaghunnah

Hukum Idgham Bilaghunnah adalah hukum tajwid yang berlaku apabila Nun Sukun ( نْ ) atau  tanwin ( ــًــ, ــٍــ, ــٌــ ) bertemu dengan huruf lam ل ) atau Ro ( ر ), tanpa menggunakan suara dengung
  • Bila artinya tidak.
  • Ghunnah artinya  dengung.
  • Sementara Idgham artinya meleburkan satu huruf ke dalam huruf setelahnya, atau bahasa lainnya di-tasydid-kan.
Cara membacanya adalah dengan meleburkan نْ atau  ــًــ, ــٍــ, ــٌــ menjadi suara huruf ل atau ر, atau lafaz kedua huruf tersebut seolah diberi tanda tasydid,  tanpa dikuti suara dengung (ghunnah).
Dengan adanya perbedaan dengung ini, dapat dikatakan bahwa Idgham Bilaghunnah adalah kebalikan dari Idgham Bighunnah.
Mengenai tanda baca Tasydid yang dimaksud di dalam hukum Idgham Bilaghunnah adalah TASYDID HUKUM bukan TASYDID ASLI . Sama seperti yang dijelaskan di dalam hukum Idgham Bighunnah.

Hukum Idrom Bilarunnah

 Contoh  Hukum Idgham Bilaghunnah

Hukum Idgham Bilaghunnah

Contoh  Hukum Idgham Bilaghunnah

contoh idgham bilaghunnah dalam al quran
  contoh lengkap idgham bilaghunnah

pengertian bilaghunnah artinya
* huruf dicetak ungu adalah contoh Hukum Idgham Bighunnah.
************
WASHAL
Hukum Idgham Bilaghunnah juga berlaku sekalipun saat ingin mewashal (menyambungkan bacaan antar ayat).
pengertian dan contoh hukum idgham bilaghunnah dalam al quran
Huruf O, seperti walloohu pada tulisan Latin di atas untuk menunjukkan suara bacaan.
Mengikuti Hukum Tajwid, harusnya ditulis dengan menggunakan huruf A, bukan O, yaitu Wallaahu.
Contoh bacaan Al-Quran standar Indonesia dan Arab Saudi, dapat dilihat pada tanda baca surah Al-Balad di bawah ini.
Perhatikan pada huruf Nun yang tidak ada tanda Sukun.
contoh hukum Idgham Bilaghunnah
Audio Player

IDGHAM MISLAIN

IDGHAM MISLAIN

Idgham Mislain  : Memasukkan huruf pertama yang bertanda Sukun (mati) ke dalam huruf berikutnya yang berbaris hidup dan menjadikan huruf yang berikutnyabertasydid.

Tanda-tanda bacaan:
Dikenali dengan melihat huruf mim yang pertama tidak berbaris (ﻢ) diikuti dengan huruf mim yang bersabdu مّ.

Dibaca dengan merapatkan bibir dan dipanjangkan sebanyak 2 harakat dandidengungkan.

Hanya satu huruf sahaja iaitu huruf Mim.

IKHFA' SYAFAWI

IKHFA' SYAFAWI

Ikhfa' Syafawi  : apabila huruf Mim sukun bertemu dengan huruf Ba berbaris, hukum bacaannya didengungkan.

Dikenali dengan melihat huruf mim yang pertama tidak berbaris (ﻢ) diikuti dengan huruf ب yang berbaris.

Sebutan hendaklah didengungkan sebanyak 2 harakat dengan merapatkan dua bibir.

Huruf ikhfa' syafawi hanya satu sahaja iaitu huruf Ba'.

IKHFA' HAQIQI

IKHFA' HAQIQI

Ikhfa' haqiqi  : bererti sembunyi; iaitu menyembunyikan sebutan nun sakinah di antara sebutan izhar dan idgham berserta dengung.

Huruf-hurufnya:    
ت ث ج د ذ ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ف ق ك 

Tanda-tanda bacaan: 
Tiada tanda sukun di atas nun sakinah dan tanda tanwin yang tidak selari.


Cara bacaan:
Hujung lidah tidak menyentuh gusi hadapan dan diletakkan berhampiran dengan makhraj huruf yang berikutnya. 
Hendaklah dipastikan tiada sebarang unsur idgham pada sebutan dan jangan dipanjangkan sebutan nun sakinah tersebut. 
Kadar dengung adalah 2 harakat dan hendaklah ditebalkan apabila bertemu huruf-huruf isti'la’. 

Contoh: 


THE LEGEND OF PUTERI GUNUNG LEDANG

Puteri Gunung Ledang is one of my favourite’s stories. The legend is very captivating, but unfortunately it has a significant impact to the Sultanate reign in Melaka. Let the story begin.....

Once upon at time…. Ops sorry, it’s not that long as the story originated during the reign of Sultan Mahmud Syah (1488-1528). It was believed that there lived a beautiful fairy princess by the name of Puteri Gunung Ledang at the peak of Mount Ledang. One day, her beauty and gracefulness reached the ruler of Melaka that was Sultan Mahmud Syah.
CityTurtle:Gunung-LedangThe mythical Mount Ledang
At that time, Sultan Mahmud’s wife (queen) had just passed away and he was quite sad (for some time). Although the concerned Ministers of Melaka have presented quite a number of beautiful princess and daughters of ministers as his wife candidate, all of them were rejected with all kind of excuses. 
However, when he heard about the stories of Princess Gunung Ledang and her astonishing beauty, immediately he was struck with a cupid arrow! His Majesty sent a team of messengers to propose marriage to the beautiful princess. The team consists of Laksamana Hang Tuah, Sang Setia and Tun Mamat.
The journey up to the Gunung Ledang was long and full of obstacles. Unfortunately for them, midway up the mountain heavy storms occurred. They couldn’t climb up and the aged Laksamana Hang Tuah couldn’t continue the journey.

THE LEGEND OF MAHSURI

Legends of Langkawi
The legends associated with Langkawi are very old and known to have existed since ancient times. Many of these legends are vague in their origins and have lost their appeal over the years; but some have survived the test of time and are fresh in the minds of the people of Langkawi. Most of the places often frequented by people have a tale or legend of their own which make them more special with an added attraction.
Mahsuri
The best known legend of Langkawi is of Mahsuri, a pretty maiden who lived during the reign of Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah the Second  who ruled Kedah between 1762 and 1800. She died under tragic circumstances for a crime she did not commit. She died a victim of a conspiracy plotted against her out of jealousy by Mahura, her very own mother-in-law for her magnetic personality. Mahura bitterly objected to her husband's intentions of taking Mahsuri as his second wife and eventually agreed that their son, Mat Deris should seek the hand of Mahsuri in marriage. Since than, Mahura had grown bitterly jealous of Mahsuri for whom she bore much hatred.
In time, Mahsuri gave birth to a baby boy and he was named Mat Arus. This inflamed Mahura even more. Mahsuri was accused of committing adultery with Deramang, a young troubadour who she befriended. The chieftain of Langkawi, Dato Karma Jaya, her own father-in-law was so taken in by Mahura's accusation that, without a proper investigation, he sentenced Mahsuri to death.
As proof of her innocence, some people say, white blood was seen gushing out of her wound during execution at Padang Hangus. Others maintain there was the sudden appearance of white mist that enveloped the spot where she was executed, which it was believed was a sign of mourning of her innocence.
Mahsuri is best remembered for her curse on Langkawi which was uttered before she died. She had said, "For this act of injustice Langkawi shall not prosper for seven generations to come." The execution of Mahsuri was indeed a tragedy of dramatic proportions. And her curse? Myth, legend or fantasy? History tells us that within a few years of Mahsuri's death, Langkawi was devasted by the Siamese and Datuk Seri Kerma Jaya and his entire family were killed. Rice fields and granaries were completely set on fire. 
To this day, grains that appear to be burnt rice grains are still to be found at Padang Matsirat.  However, many believe the curse is now over with the numerous development projects undertaken on the island. 

THE LEGEND OF HANG TUAH

Tales of Hang Tuah


by Maharaja Setia Tun Kasturi.
Related to Tun Sri Lanang through the writings of Laksamana Khoja Hassan. Translated to Old English for HRH King James I of England in 1616 by Sultan Iskandar Muda of Acheh. Compiled and edited by Abdullah Abdul Kadir in 1819 for the benefit of Sir Stamford Raffles.
(note : All dates which were once depicted in Hijrah years, had been changed to Gregorian calendar)
————————————————————————————-

Gempak gempita negeri Melaka
Guruh berdentum bumi bergegar
Jaguh tersanjung bertarung nyawa
Rasuk ajal teman pendekar
pantun from ‘Hikayat Raja Raja’
This is the story of a person whom I respect the most. His name was Tuah bin Mahmud. I am pleased to tell the story about this towering Malay who had shaped the history of the Melaka Sultanate and became the source of inspiration to thousands of people.
Hang Tuah was a humble Malay. An ‘Orang Laut’ to be exact. Son of Hang Mahmud and Dang Merdu Wati. Born in Bentan, his family migrated to Sungai Duyung, Melaka when Tuah was still a toddler. He had lived through the reigns of 6 Sultans – Sultan Muhammad Shah, Raja Ibrahim, Sultan Muzaffar Shah, Sultan Mansur Shah, Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah and died during the reign of Sultan Mahmud Shah.
He was born in the mid 1430’s. We first met him at a wedding of Jebat’s eldest sister right after the coronation of Raja Kassim (Sultan Muzaffar Shah). He was older than the 7 of us although I suspect Jebat was slightly older than him because his voice broke much earlier than Tuah. Jebat was our group leader then. The rest of us were myself, Lekir, Lekiu, Hassan, Hussain and Iskandar. Jebat’s sister had just married Bentara Hamzah Datuk Bongkok. Hamzah was recently appointed as Bentara in the new Sultan’s court and we all aspired to be just like him.
During the day, we imagined ourselves as the young Melaka heroes who would vanquish the armies of Siam or fight the Javanese pirates singlehandedly and save Melaka from any invaders. And at night, all 8 of us would gather at Hamzah’s house and listen to his adventures in the palace.
Through the advice of Hamzah, we were sent to Gunung Ledang to learn martial arts from his former mentor, Sang Adiputra. We stayed there for 2 years. Hassan, Hussain and Iskandar did not come with us as their parents moved to Inderapura (Editorial note: now Pahang).
I remember Sang Adiputra once foretold that Jebat would have been a greater warrior than Tuah but his own recklessness will be his downfall. Jebat was clearly a stronger warrior than Tuah. But he was impatient at times and where Tuah lack in strength, he made it up with tremendous agility and cunning. Thus, a stronger warrior does not mean a better one. It was there in one of the caves in Gunung Ledang that Tuah was made our leader. Sang Adiputra told Jebat to listen to Tuah and never doubt his actions. To Tuah, he advised him to be sincere and serve Melaka as he sees fit. Above all, he wanted all of us to take care of each other.
Upon our return, Melaka had a new Bendahara whom everyone had proclaimed a hero upon his victory over the Siamese armies up north. Tun Perak was indeed a charismatic Bendahara. He was in his 30’s when he became the Bendahara. Tall and almost regal in nature, he inherited the qualities of his late father, the old bendahara during Sultan Muhammad Shah’s reign.
When a group of ‘orang laut’ ran amok in the main market near the docks, Bendahara Tun Perak had just came out from the Syahbandar’s meeting hall. It was unfortunate that he brought only 3 guards with him. Eventhough Tun Perak could easily strike down a few of them, the overwhelming numbers of the orang laut had joined in and started to encircle the helpless Bendahara. All five of us, not more than 16 years old, fought along beside the Bendahara and his guards while waiting for help.
In the end, nearly 20 of the orang laut had been killed while Jebat and myself were slightly wounded in the legs. Lekir lost his little finger in the process. Only Tuah was left unscratched. Tun Perak was so impressed that he appointed all of us as Biduanda and we worked as Tun Perak’s special retinue from henceforth.
We were living in an exciting times as Sultan Muzaffar Shah was the first of the warrior sultan in the dynasty. All his previous ancestors were more of a merchant than a warrior. Melaka was in the midst of expansion and we were swept along with it. We traveled a lot during those days. All of us even followed the younger brother of Tun Perak (Tun Perpatih Putih) to the Forbidden City as part of an envoy to help bolster the diplomatic relations between Melaka and China. Emperor Zheng Tong was so pleased with the eloquent speech of Tun Perpatih Putih and the gifts by Sultan Mansur Shah that he gave one of his niece, Li Poh to become a wife to the Sultan.
At first Princess Li Poh was not pleased and would show her sadness openly during our voyage home. But during the journey, Jebat would use his charm and tell funny stories to soothe her worry. We even called her ‘Hang’ Li Poh just to make herself feel accepted as one of us. In later years, her son Paduka Mimat would help Tuah in his adventures of finding the elusive Puteri Gunung Ledang.
One of the best adventures to have been taken place was when we went to Majapahit two years after Sultan Mansur Shah was coronated in 1459. Tuah was already a Laksamana replacing Tun Hamzah Datuk Bongkok who was sent by the Sultan as the Governor of Inderapura. Sultan Mansur wanted an ally to fight off the repeated threats from Siam. He offered to marry one of King of Majapahit’s daughters in exchange of safe trading routes in Selat Melaka for Majapahit’s vessels. Not pleased with the apparent blackmail, Raja Girisawardhana  wanted to test the strength of Melaka warriors first. If our warrior loses, then Majapahit will not need the Sultan’s protection. If we win, then he will bestow his daughter, Raden Galuh Chandera Kirana to Sultan Mansur as wife.
The next day, back from the borders of Majapahit, fresh from the rest after the battles with neighbouring kingdoms, Taming Sari, the greatest of all Majapahit warriors, stood face to face with our Hang Tuah in the crowded palatial courtyard. It was mid morning. The sun was shining brightly. Tuah hated the weather in Majapahit. It was too hot, too soon. Some say Taming Sari’s keris had magical properties. At first glance, it was nothing more than a simple keris, with wooden hilt, and almost rustic looking. But the blade was gleaming menacingly. It was longer than any common keris. It curves 7 times before it reaches the tip.
The preferred weapon in the region at the time was the ‘golok’ (Editorial note: a long curvy sword). But since both men wanted the fight to be more intimate, they opted the keris as the weapon of choice.
Eventually, Taming Sari was slain by Tuah near twilight that same evening by his own blade. Raja Girisawardhana was in awe with Tuah’s prowess. Taming Sari’s keris was broken at the hilt during the fight. The Majapahit King decreed that a new hilt of gold and pink rubies be made. But the blood of Taming Sari that had stained upon its blade was very difficult to disappear. It gave the blade an eery dark brown and deep red hue. It was said that the blood of Taming Sari was the reason that gave the keris its magical powers.
The keris was presented to Laksamana Tun Tuah in a highly decorated manner; with so much grandeur and dignity. We were so proud of him. Tuah then gave his own keris, Pamung Sari to Jebat. Upon our return to Melaka, Jebat was promoted to the rank Temenggung while I was promoted as Bentara Kanan. The vile Patih Kerma Wijaya came into existence as an envoy of Majapahit and chief adviser to the new bride from thereon.
Tun Perak tolerated Patih Kerma Wijaya but we hated him. His opium smelled breath made me nauseous sometimes.
In the 15th year of his majesty’s rule, Tun Tuah was sentenced to death for treason. Patih Kerma Wijaya had skillfully wedged himself into the inner circle of the Sultan and planted the seeds of his treachery while the 3 of us were away on duty in Riau. Upon our return, Tuah was about to be executed in Sungai Ujung. Only Jebat managed to secretly  see him in his confinement. The rest of us had to protect the Sultan from the angry mobs that had surrounded the palace.
I realized the minute I saw Jebat’s face after his rendezvous with Tuah that he will plot vengeance. When Tuah was about to be executed by the orders of the Sultan, his last words to Jebat was – ‘buat baik berpada pada (do a lot of good), but before he could finish the sentence, Jebat furiously screamed at him with words – ‘buat jahat biar kepalang!’ (yet unleash a lot of evil) and then left him abruptly. Jebat had always been the brooding type. He was more temperamental and sarcastic in nature as compared to the mild mannered Tuah.
I disagreed with Jebat’s plan but chose to remain quiet. Jebat pacified the angry mob outside the palace and met with the Sultan and his family within. The Sultan was grateful that Jebat had understood why Tuah had to be killed. The law is the law and no one is above it, so said the Sultan. At that juncture, Jebat grabbed Taming Sari and killed the Sultan’s youngest son, Raden Kelang (son of Raden Galuh) in one swift motion. His voiced had turned cold when he whispered menacingly to the Sultan;
“Engkau yang dilaknati, minta ampun pada Tuhan!” (You who are damned by God, ask for His forgiveness!)
But before his blade touches the Sultan’s chest, Lekir managed to sidestep Jebat and they both fell awkwardly. I quickly rounded up the Sultan and his family to the exit and herded them to a safe place. By then, Jebat managed to kill a few Royal Guards. Lekir was injured and had to be taken out of the palace. Jebat looked at me one last time before screaming;
“Raja adil kita sembah, raja zalim kita sanggah!” (We submit to a fair King, but we fight against a cruel King!)
Jebat wanted Patih Kerma Wijaya’s blood in exchange for the palace. Most of the Sultan’s concubines decided to stay with Jebat for reasons I do not know. Jebat was indeed quite good looking and was popular with the ladies in the court. Pateh Kerma Wijaya was holed up in Bendahara’s house for a couple of weeks. Although Tun Perak despised him, he was still a diplomatic ambassador from an allied nation.
At the end of 1473, Pateh Kerma Wijaya was killed in an ambush by Jebat two days before the monsoon season. Running scared, the Sultan asked the 3 of us to confront Jebat. Reluctantly, we obeyed the orders. But Jebat would not fight us or even listen to us. The palace that he reigned supreme now was like a fortress.
One night after a full cycle of the moon, Tun Perak summoned me to his house. He was grief strickened and wanted me to find an old hermit called Sang Rajuna Tapa. I reckoned Tun Perak was delirious from having a high fever. Sang Rajuna Tapa was certainly no hermit. He was the legendary Bendahara during Parameswara’s rule in Temasik. How could he still be alive? He must close to be a hundred years old by then. But in haste I did go to Ulu Melaka.
I was shocked that Tun Perak had been hiding Sang Rajuna Tapa and Tuah in Ulu Melaka. Sang Rajuna Tapa was indeed an old man and had disguised himself as an old imam called Syeikh Mansur. Years ago, he was banished from Temasik and was told never to come back. Tuah had been learning some secrets of the art from him. He looked refreshed there in Ulu Melaka. I was overjoyed upon seeing him. But sad at the same time. Tun Perak should have not kept this secret from us. But then again, Tun Perak and Hang Tuah were of the same breed of warriors.
The day Tuah fought Jebat was not as what was depicted by the storytellers. Although it has been nearly thirty years, I can still remember it vividly.
Back then, Jebat had become more bloodthirsty by the minute. He was practically ruling Melaka with an iron grip. Traders shunned our ports and the coffers dwindled. The Majapahit King was rumored to prepare an assault to Melaka for letting his grandson murdered. Through Jebat’s extensive reach as the Temenggung, the Sultan’s distant cousins from Kampar, Siak and Indragiri had been secretly communicating with his men so that one of them can be installed as a puppet Sultan for Jebat. A number of foreign envoys hungry for power had also started to cut a deal with Jebat. Something had to be done.
It was after the Friday prayers when Tuah reached the palatial gates. With Pamung Sari in his hand, we and about 200 of us swarmed the locked main entrance. Tuah called on Jebat to come out. It took him about an hour to answer Tuah’s challenge. By this time, the people of Melaka had surrounded the palace, wanting to see the duel. I estimated about 20,000 people had come to watch them fight.
Jebat was happy upon seeing Tuah. But his laughter was not only hysterical, it was tinged with madness. Jebat then killed one of the concubines just to whet Taming Sari’s appetite. Jebat offered to fight on the courtyard but Tuah declined. He said it’s better to fight inside the palace so that the people will not see the death of either one of them.
Storm raged Melaka that night. We knew that a terrible duel was taken place above the howling wind. We waited outside till the next morning. Sometimes they would rest, sometimes Jebat would let Tuah pray undisturbed. Tuah later on told me that Jebat declined to pray because his sins were already too great to be forgiven by God. By late afternoon, we heard the death cries of Jebat from the inside. Tuah came rushing out. His face was ashened while his body was covered in blood. He threw Taming Sari to me and ran towards the parted crowd.
We went inside the palace thinking to find a dying man but lo and behold! Jebat was still alive! But his stomach was badly wounded. He was busy wrapping the angry wound with a piece of cloth so that his gut wouldn’t spill out. Jebat was a strong warrior as ever. Seeing his death face, Lekiu, Lekir and myself left him there attending to himself as the sight was too much for us.
It was hard enough for Tuah to contain Jebat when he was angered and it was extremely difficult for the Royal Guards to subdue the wounded Jebat. Nearly two hundred innocent people died in his rampage in search of the Sultan. Finally exhausted, Jebat came over to Tuah’s house. We were there when Tuah lifted him up into one of the rooms. Jebat managed to ask forgiveness from all of us for his treachery and for acting without our consent. We shed a few tears then. Jebat died in Tuah’s arms as the wrappings were undone. Blood flowed freely from his mouth, nose, ears, eyes and every pores of his body. He was just 37 at that time.
From that day onwards, Tuah became a different man. He became deeply religious. He followed the Arab traders back to the heart of Ottoman Empire in Istanbul just to learn more about Islam. The death of Jebat changed him. Jebat was his conscience at times. Sometimes, his wild streak. He was more ferocious when Jebat was fighting alongside him. The death of Jebat showed him how greatly Jebat was needed. During the reign of Raja Hussain (Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah), Laksamana Tun Tuah had always wanted to leave the life of the royal courts. But not until Raja Hussain was poisoned to death in Pagoh did Tuah left in such agony. His heart broke yet again when he was unable to prevent the death of the young Sultan.
I was made Maharaja Setia (deputy Bendahara) and Jebat’s only son, Khoja Hassan took over as Orang Kaya Laksamana Melaka in 1488. Incidentally, Khoja Hassan was also Tuah’s son in law. Tun Tuah was called into service one last time during the reign of the petulant Sultan Mahmud Shah as the head of retinue to find Puteri Gunung Ledang.
Until this day, the day I find rest at last, I am glad to have Hang Tuah as my brother. His steadfast loyalty and unwavering stance to protect the system was like a beacon in the days we weathered through. Tuah was given a terrible choice which he then chose as he saw it fit. Hopefully, the new Bendahara, Tun Mutahir will find new breed of young Malay warriors to protect what we have now against the dark days ahead.
Merga Paksi tujuh bersaudara
Pencak silat Kertala Sari
Lihat lenggok Tuan Laksamana
Dibuai kilas Taming Sari
pantun from ‘Hikayat Raja Raja’
Addendum by Jebat Must Die
1. Hang Tuah never met Puteri Gunung Ledang. He was already in his 60’s when the young Sultan Mahmud asked him to be the head of retinue to propose the mythical (non existent) Puteri Gunung Ledang for her hand in marriage. Halfway to the top of the mountain, Tun Mamat (some say it was actually Paduka Mimat – the Sultan’s uncle) continued his way upwards alone, leaving the tired Tun Tuah and the rest of the retinue at the foot of the mountain.
2. Hang Tuah did not kill Hang Jebat during that final fight in the Sultan’s palace. Hang Jebat died a day after the fight because of the heavy stomach wound inflicted by Hang Tuah. Hang Jebat managed to wrap the wounds around his stomach before he ran amok and killed more innocent people on the streets of Melaka. He then went straight to Tuah’s house where Hang Tuah was meditating and seeking repentance. Hang Jebat died in the arms of Hang Tuah when he released open the wrappings around Jebat’s stomach to ease the pain.
3. It was not Hang Tuah who had kidnapped Tun Teja from Pahang for Sultan Mahmud but rather, it was his son in law, Hang Nadim. It was unlikely Hang Tuah could even entice the lovely Tun Teja to elope with him at that time because he was already an old man. Remember, Hang Tuah was already in his 60’s when Sultan Mahmud started to reign. At that time, Hang Tuah had past his prime and Melaka was under the watchful eye of Laksamana Khoja Hassan, the son of the late Hang Jebat whom he had adopted as his own. Khoja Hassan eventually became his son in law. His other son in law, Hang Nadim was second in command.
4. He was not a Chinese as some speculated. The story of a DNA tested on the bones of Hang Tuah by a Michigan based forensic society was a hoax. The society does not even exist. The theory of having the same surname as Princess Hang Li Poh does not hold water. The name ‘Hang’ was a monicker for ‘teenager’ in the past. Which in turn will stick to the owner way past their adulthood. When Hang Tuah was bestowed the title ‘Tun’ upon his promotion to become a laksamana, people called him Tun Tuah, instead of Tun Hang Tuah.
The story above is a work of fiction based on all the statutory declarations in Sejarah Melayu, Hikayat Hang Tuah and Tuhfat Al Nafis
.